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The matter of cannabis legalization has emerged as a significant topic of global discourse over recent years, and the European continent stands as no exception to this ongoing debate. Within this context, certain nations have advanced in their endeavors to legalize cannabis, whether for medicinal or recreational purposes. In contrast, others are currently engaged in the process of contemplating their regulatory frameworks. The dynamic landscape of global cannabis legalization has engendered inquiries into the likelihood of Europe, as a collective region, embracing this evolving trend. This article aspires to comprehensively examine the status of cannabis legalization in Europe, encompassing its present situation and the potential challenges that may arise throughout this complex process.
Why Cannabis Should Be Legalized In Europe
Let us commence our inquiry by delving into the rationale underpinning the legalization of cannabis. Many compelling arguments support this complex subject, but two primary facets merit our particular focus. The foremost and paramount dispute centers around the prospective reduction of substance-related harm through the establishment of a safer and more regulated cannabis market. Throughout history, the policy of prohibition has been closely associated with an exacerbation of the risks inherent in cannabis consumption, as it drives users to resort to illicit sources for their supply.
The legalization of cannabis stands as a proactive measure aimed at mitigating these risks by ensuring that consumers gain access to a safer, quality-controlled product. It also sets the stage for implementing harm-reduction strategies and educational initiatives that seek to diminish the inherent dangers of substance use. Through legalization, a framework is established for the dissemination of essential information about cannabis consumption, and it ensures the availability of quality products. In many instances, these products may be obtained through online platforms, streamlining information dissemination and product procurement processes. However, it is noteworthy that industry experts from MjSEO. The agency has underscored the critical importance of robust platform optimization for both online stores and informational resources to ensure their accessibility to consumers on the Internet.
The second salient argument that merits emphasis relates to the potential for legalization to generate substantial tax revenue for governments. Notable examples of this phenomenon can be found in the United States, where cannabis legalization followed the enactment of the 2018 Farm Bill. In the United States, the legal cannabis market is poised to surpass $13 billion in value in 2022 and has contributed billions of dollars in tax revenue to state governments. Similarly, in Canada, the first 5-1/2 months of legal cannabis sales yielded $140 million in tax revenue for federal and provincial governments. In light of these compelling statistics, the prospect of cannabis legalization in Europe can potentially bolster the region’s economy significantly.
The Present Situation
In Europe, the issue of cannabis legalization has garnered increased attention in recent years. Although cannabis remains prohibited in the majority of European nations, notable developments have taken place, with Malta becoming the inaugural EU member state to legalize personal cannabis use. Several other countries within the region have also embarked on the path of reform.
GERMANY After Malta’s precedent, Germany has enthusiastically embraced the concept of cannabis legalization. The country’s federal Cabinet has reportedly agreed on a comprehensive plan that initiates an extensive process to permit the cultivation, growth (limited to two or three plants per individual), and distribution of cannabis. The proposed initiative also aims to legalize the acquisition and ownership of 20 to 30 grams of cannabis for personal use, with the provision for regulated sales through specialized establishments. However, it is essential to emphasize that the use of cannabis will continue to be prohibited for individuals under the age of 18.
SPAIN Presently, Spain has decriminalized the personal use and cultivation of cannabis. Renowned as one of the premier destinations globally for cannabis enthusiasts, the country’s reputation is attributed in part to the accessibility of high-quality cannabis in numerous cities. However, its distinction chiefly arises from the existence of cannabis clubs, a concept that Spain has advanced to a considerable degree compared to other nations just embarking on the exploration of social cannabis use.
Nonetheless, Spain faces significant policy challenges in the reform of its cannabis laws. There are three distinct areas of reform effort aimed at fostering the flourishing of the nation’s cannabis industry. These areas encompass adult-use, medicinal, and industrial cannabis.
Regarding adult use, four legislative proposals have been presented in both Congress and the Senate to regulate cannabis consumption. However, none of these proposals have garnered the requisite majority for approval thus far. Consequently, the forthcoming electoral year is expected to incorporate discussions on cannabis regulation within the political agendas.
In 2021, the Spanish Congress passed a resolution granting access to medicinal cannabis for patients. Implementation awaits recommendations from the Spanish Medicines and Health Products Agency (AEMPS). It is noteworthy that the proposed regulation is confined to pharmaceutical channels, which excludes the use of cannabis flowers and limits it to finished products.
Notably, the use of cannabis flowers remains prohibited, even for unregulated cannabinoid extraction, resulting in a multitude of legal proceedings. Recently, the Spanish Supreme Court upheld the restrictive stance of the country’s authorities in a ruling that stands in stark contrast to the prevailing positive trends in cannabis reform witnessed across Europe.
PORTUGAL Portugal holds significance in the context of cannabis reform, having legalized medical cannabis in 2018. The country has become a pivotal hub for Canadian and American enterprises seeking to establish their presence in the European medical cannabis sector.
Currently, cultivation licenses in Portugal are valid for one year and necessitate annual renewal through applications submitted to Informed. Obtaining permits for extraction, wholesale sales, imports, and exports also entails additional authorizations. Portugal, recognized as the first EU nation to decriminalize illicit substances in 2001, presents substantial opportunities within the cannabis market, characterized by stringent controls and regulations.
SWITZERLAND Switzerland deserves recognition for its forward-looking approach to cannabis regulation. The nation has authorized the sale of medical cannabis containing less than one percent THC since 2011 and decriminalized the possession of recreational cannabis in 2013. Of particular significance is Zurich’s government-endorsed plan to initiate a trial program for the sale and consumption of cannabis, scheduled to commence in the summer of 2023. Switzerland is extending its pilot program for cannabis legalization to evaluate its effects on the population.
However, despite these advancements, several European countries persist in upholding strict cannabis prohibition laws, primarily due to concerns regarding the potential challenges associated with legalization.
Understanding the Obstacles
While the potential benefits of cannabis legalization are apparent, addressing the accompanying challenges is equally important. Among the primary concerns lies the potential health risks associated with cannabis usage. Although certain strains of cannabis are generally believed to have limited side effects, it is essential to recognize that they are not entirely devoid of risks. Prolonged and heavy cannabis use has been correlated with increased susceptibility to mental health disorders, including psychosis. It can also adversely affect cognitive functions, such as memory, attention, and motivation.
Another challenge worthy of consideration revolves around the possibility of heightened cannabis consumption, particularly among young individuals. Critics contend that legalization might lead to a surge in cannabis use, potentially resulting in adverse consequences for public health and safety. However, it is worth noting that certain studies suggest that cannabis legalization does not necessarily lead to a substantial increase in usage rates. For instance, in the United States, rates of cannabis use among youth have remained relatively stable, indicating that the legalization of cannabis may not significantly impact the prevalence of cannabis use among adolescents.
Concluding Remarks
The issue of cannabis legalization is a complex and multifaceted matter that requires careful consideration of competing public health, safety, and economic concerns. Although this topic presents particular challenges, it is increasingly evident that a legal and well-regulated cannabis market can offer substantial advantages in various areas.
The evolving landscape of cannabis policy in Europe signifies a significant shift towards a more evidence-based and compassionate approach to substance regulation. As societal attitudes continue to evolve and an expanding number of countries explore the possibility of cannabis legalization, conducting a thorough assessment of all relevant factors becomes imperative. Establishing regulatory frameworks should be approached carefully, aiming to minimize potential risks while maximizing prospective benefits.
Nevertheless, this undertaking must be carried out with the utmost degree of responsibility and transparency, emphasizing the establishment of robust safeguards aimed at shielding individuals and society from potential harm. The path toward cannabis legalization demands thorough deliberation and an unwavering dedication to the welfare of the communities it impacts.
